Artificial Insemination
What is artificial insemination?
Artificial Insemination is one of the techniques used by Reproductive Medicinecwhen there is a problem of fertility and consists of the placement of a sample of semen, previously prepared in the laboratory, inside the woman’s uterus in order to increase the potential of the sperm and the possibilities of fertilization of the ovule.
Artificial Insemination is one of the techniques used by Reproductive Medicine when there is a problem of fertility and consists of the placement of a sample of semen, previously prepared in the laboratory, inside the woman’s uterus in order to increase the potential of the sperm and the possibilities of fertilization of the ovule.
Indicated for:
-Patients with sterility of unknown origin and with a young age.
–Patients in which the woman has ovulation problems that affect her fertility.
–In cases in which the patient presents some alteration at the level of the cervix.
–Patients in which the male has mild or moderate defects in semen at the level of concentration or mobility of sperm.
What is the procedure?
1- Evaluation
When a couple begins their process the first thing that is done is a personalized evaluation of the patient to determine the most appropriate fertility treatment.
After the study of the uterus, the tubes, the ovarian reserve of the woman and the quality and mobility of the semen in the male, the gynecologist determines if it is better to perform an Artificial Insemination or an in vitro fertilization. The start day is set according to the calendar of the menstrual cycle, and a pattern of ovarian stimulation and gynecological follow-up is stipulated by ultrasound.
2- Ovarian stimulation and ovulation induction
This procedure is necessary to increase the chances of success and therefore get a pregnancy, since naturally a woman only produces one follicle – and therefore an egg – in each menstrual cycle. In addition, for Artificial Insemination to be successful, it is necessary that at least one of the tubes be permeable and that the semen of the male contains a minimum concentration of mobile sperm that allows the technique to be performed with guarantees.This phase involves stimulating the ovary by intramuscular injection of hormones to produce more eggs within the natural cycle, and its duration ranges from 10-12 days.
During this phase of treatment, serial ultrasounds will be performed, between 3 and 4, and the level of estradiol in blood will be checked to verify that the growth and evolution of the follicles is within normal limits. When we verify by means of the vaginal ultrasound that the follicles have reached the right amount and size, we schedule the Artificial Insemination just around 36 hours after the administration of an hCG injection that should be given to the patient at the time and day that is indicated, and that induces oocyte maturation and therefore ovulation.
3- Semen preparation
The preparation of the semen in the Artificial Insemination consists of selecting and concentrating the spermatozoids of better mobility. To do this, the samples are processed through training techniques or seminal preparation that allows the elimination of dead, immobile or slow spermatozoa and optimizes the quality of the sample that will be used for insemination. This phase is expedited when the patient requires donor sperm. In these cases, the most suitable donor is selected for each case and the sample is prepared until its use.
4-Insemination
For Artificial Insemination procedure. About 2 hours before, a sample of semen should be delivered to the Andrology Laboratory for its preparation and training. After the placement of a speculum, with discomfort not greater than that of a cytology, the cannula is passed through the cervix, which allows the sample to be introduced with the sperm inside the uterus.
After the process, the patient rests a few minutes in the examination room, dresses and will be given the date to perform the pregnancy test and will be checked if necessary, the medication that must be taken from that moment. During these 15 days, it is recommended to have a normal life, avoiding sport or any high intensity activity, but still doing the usual routines.
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